Teacher Name: Pauline O'Brien
Teacher email: obees@upnaway.com
School / Organisation Name: Beaconsfield Primary School
Project Title: Regional Differences in the Tribal and Folk Arts of India
Overview: Having been awarded a TiCFA fellowship to India, my enthusiasm became ever more contagious as I worked with my Years 2 to 7 Art classes on an Indian theme sharing with them my excitement about the coming trip and the fascinating mix of fact and myth that I was uncovering in my quest for knowledge as I read books and surfed the internet. In the process many myths and preconceived stereotypes were raised, discussed and in the main dispelled as we talked about far more than just the Art themes we were working on. Finally in India, I was able to access the museums and State Craft Emporiums to buy artefacts to support my planned project on the regional differences of Tribal Arts from within India. (NB: The use of the word Tribal is not derogatory in India - it applies to groups who in many ways still live their traditional lifestyle. In fact, there is a certain pride that these groups have been able to maintain their independence and lifestyle within the encroachments of modern and industrialised society.)
Year Level(s): 1 - 7
Goals / Purpose: For students to fully appreciate the rich diversity within a culture in another country they must first be aware of the diversity that exists in their own country. Australia with its indigenous aboriginal population and succeeding waves of migrants from around the world is so full of a mixture of cultures and values, that first we travelled back to the beginning to investigate the differentiation of art works within the aboriginal regions within Western Australia and Arnhem Land. At the same time the students were encouraged to become aware that traditional and contemporary aboriginal and Indian arts have many points of crossover and divergence from the themes explored to the media used. At all times I encourage students to identify and focus on the similarities that we share and experience in our everyday lives rather than to look for the differences.
Learning Area(s):
Cross Curricular Links: Whilst this is specifically a Visual Arts unit, many other learning areas are covered incidentally. In particular the way in which both Aboriginal and tribal groups of India have:-
(a) transformed their traditional arts and crafts into a form that can be easily transported as a means of supplementing their meagre income in times of drought and great hardship is a real life example of T&E.
(b) Incorporated the use of modern medium and techniques into their traditional thematic work.
Likewise a study of a country's art and therefore its culture, without considering its place in the world, its historical and social intercepts with Australia and the environmental problems it has in common with the rest of the world would be a shallow investigation indeed.

This project would be even more powerful if classroom teachers were to further take up the study of India as part of their classroom focus. Think of the issues common to both Australia and India that could be explored from damage to offshore coral reefs because of tourism based development through to how best does a country with a dry interior best harvest and manage its restricted rainfall.

Links to Curriculum Framework: Present and Future Conditions - Cultural Diversity; Uncertain Standards of Living
Values - 3 Respect and Concern for Others and their Rights; 4 Social and Civic Responsibility
Overarching Learning Outcomes - 3; 4; 5; 8; 9; 10;

Studies of Asia Rationale Curriculum Emphases across all Learning Areas
- Developing Concepts of Asia
- Challenging Stereotypes
- Contemporary Issues
- World Contributions by the Peoples of Asia
- Likely Implications of Closer Asia-Australia Relationships
see: http://www.curriculum.edu.au/accessasia/soa/learn.htm see: http://www.curriculum.edu.au/accessasia/soa/learn.htm

Links to Learning Area Outcomes: VISUAL ARTS - each of the Outcomes below are interrelated and interconnected. All are equally important and were developed concurrently in each curriculum unit.

STRAND

OUTCOME

 Arts Ideas 

Arts Skills and Processes
Arts Responses

Arts in Society

- Students generate arts works that communicate ideas 
- Students use the skills, techniques, conventions and technologies of the arts
 -Students use their aesthetic understanding to respond to, reflect on and evaluate the arts 
- Students understand the role of the arts in society

T&E - 5 Enterprise; 7 Technology in Society; SOSE - 2 Place and Space; 3 Resources; 4 Culture; 5 Time, Continuity and Change;

Links to Student Outcome Statements: Each of the above Learning Area strands across all Levels.
Description of Learning Experiences: (The story of your learning journey) In the Beginning.

By mid 1999, the school's reputation and profile for becoming involved in innovative projects was spreading. We were approached by the Fremantle City Council and the Indian Ocean Tourism Organisation (IOTO) as a community involvement initiative, with the brief to learn more about the region we live in and our relationship with our neighbouring countries. Our commission was then to share that knowledge in a kid friendly web site, in time for the Indian Ocean Rim Region Festival (IORR) to be held in Fremantle in November of 1999. You can view the completed site at http://www.beacy.wa.edu.au/iorr/front.htm
So began the school's involvement with India whereby the initial thing in common with all of the IORR countries is that we share the Indian Ocean as our front yard. This in turn has culminated in my Fellowship trip to India and the development of a Visual Arts Unit based on differentiation within tribal groups across the various geographical and historical boundaries within India.

Becoming more familiar with the known in Australia.

Initially I focussed on the variety of work produced by the Australian Aboriginals from different regions throughout Western Australia, establishing a visual literacy that helped students interpret symbols and identify an artefact's possible locality. In turn they were able to display that understanding by comments such as:
- "Well, its got a lot of cross hatching in its background patterning, so that probably means that it comes from the North near Arnhem Land."
- A Wandjina figure on a rock wall? This must have been photographed somewhere in the Kimberleys
- "Look at this. It looks like its been painted with acrylic paints. Can you see how they've used pink and purple. I know it's in a traditional style but they've used contemporary media. What does that make it?"
We live in a time where a greater value has been placed on the arts and crafts of a former time, both in Australia and India! I made a newsletter request to the school community for any aboriginal artefacts and later Indian artefacts that could be loaned to school, even if it was only for a day or the duration of their child's art lesson. I also asked where possible if they could provide some idea on the provenance (the place of origin or history of an art work) of the pieces on loan to us. EG: the Region, maybe even the specific tribe or artist, medium used, details re the technique used, date of completion, place purchased/presented as a gift… This in turn provided dynamic discussion both at home and at school as we searched through images to confirm or discover a likely provenance.

In preparation for my trip to India I had created a Power Point Presentation on the Diversity of Aboriginal Arts in Western Australia to share with the Year 6 classes at Tagore International School in New Delhi which I also then used in Term 1, with each of my Art classes. I particularly focussed on the variation of decorations, symbols, functions, form and use of medium found in traditional aboriginal arts and crafts. Connected to this was also a Technology and Enterprise based understanding of how the artefacts and tools used by aboriginals were often created or decorated with symbols specific to a region. We looked specifically at the aboriginal arts from -
- The Pilbara
- The Kimberleys
- Central or Great Western Desert
- Arnhem Land
As a result different classes worked to create artworks "in the style of" various regional aboriginal areas attempting to use both traditional and contemporary medium and techniques such as coiling fibres, decorating didgeridoos, a simulated rock cave from the Kimberleys region, the mythology and appearance of the Wandjina, simulated rock carvings (in fresh clay slabs), contemporary interpretations of myths and legends and paintings in the X-ray style and in the Papunya Tula dot style. You can view some of the results of this work on http://www.beacy.wa.edu.au/art/aboriginal/regional.html

Looking for Commonalities as we move to the unknown.

We then moved from the point of the known, to further investigate and compare the variation of design, medium, form and function of the traditional tribal arts of a variety of regions throughout India.

Inherent to this whole unit of work was the investigation of the way in which modern technologies and the increasing interaction of tribal groups with mainstream society and technologies impacts on the artworks that are produced. Through the Tribal Arts of India Unit, the students were first exposed to background information and given web sites and book resources to enable to them to follow up on a technique or region in greater detail. Then based on actual artefacts and pictorial resources each student reproduced at least one piece of work in the style, technique or thematic content appropriate to a specific region. We have looked specifically at the tribal and folk arts from - - The Warli tribe from the North of Maharashtra - Wall paintings from Madhubani in the region of Mithila in Bihar - A variety of embroidery styles, motifs and designs from Gujarat and Rajasthan - The peacock, the national bird symbol of India, with its many design motifs from around the country. - The impact of the Islamic decorative influence on the use of geometric and floral patterns on tiles. You can find images and explanations of all of this work and more on the Beaconsfield Website under the heading "Focus on India" at www.beacy.wa.edu.au

By making use of the variety of artefacts I brought home with me from India, the students became familiar with the regions of India and how their geographical position and weather conditions had a huge impact on their life styles, the arts media available for them to use and the way in which extreme poverty through drought and flooding has acted as a catalyst to produce local arts works in a form that could be purchased and transported around the world. Eg. Wall paintings reproduced in a smaller scale on paper. Having preceded this unit of work with an investigation of the differences in aboriginal arts forms found within regions of Australia, the follow on to investigate Indian arts and crafts by its geographical and historical State and regional boundaries was almost seamless. One of the more fascinating aspects of this was the similarities that were immediately identified between the two ancient cultures - especially that of the cave paintings and traditional ceremonial body decorations.

So now we look to Future trends, implications and predictions.

This whole project could so easily be applied to any other country whether it be Asian or not and in so going back to discover the past artefacts of a culture and then searching for remnants of those same artefacts in the present day, students have the chance to analyse the change in trends and art forms and techniques, to collate facts and understandings related to that culture or subculture that they will then be able to predict that which will continue to survive, be further modified or disappear and in turn attempt to communicate it by producing an art work using continuing traditional themes with the use of modern technologies and media.

A project of this sort provides a meaningful research topic whereby students can make use of the internet to delve deeply into the many wonderful and interactive online museums. Having thus tempted them with a glimpse at such fascinating titbits of related knowledge, we may well be the catalyst to not only encourage them to come to know and better understand the complexities of their own diverse culture here in Australia, but also to be open minded travellers prepared to go further afield than the pleasure isles of Bali.

Highlights: Of interest also is the SOSE and Values component whereby there is a parallel in the way in which India and Australia have organizations (both Government and Non Government set up to help the Indian Tribal and Village groups as well as the remote Aboriginal communities to enable them to set up workshops and trade relationships with Arts Distributors and Galleries.

Being in India as part of a study tour! – no amount of reading can give you the smell, sound and taste of another country quite like being there along with an organized program and expert leaders that gives you the opportunity to interact with and see so much more than an ordinary tourist.
Having my New Delhi Host come to Beaconsfield PS, interact so warmly with the students and teachers and stay in my home for five days as part of the TiCFA exchange.

Many students had never previously considered India as a travel destination. I wish I had a glass ball to look into the future to see which of them in their own time will visit India having been inspired in part by what we did and learned while at Beacy. “Pre-tour reading was an appetizer, being there was the entrée and now the main course will be follow up reading, activities, projects..."

Lowlights: There were none! Being passionate about a theme or project seems to almost inoculate you against problems or, if one does arise there is always a lateral way in which to go over, under, around or out of it.
Advice for fellow professionals: If your school is not already an active member of your local Access Asia Cluster, visit the websites below to see what else is on offer that you may be able to utilize re the integration of the Studies of Asia into your curriculum.

Ring your State Coordinator to find out your local Cluster coordinator. Make contact! Consider applying for a TiCFA Fellowship. The experience will not only enrich your life but also the depth and breadth of experience that you bring to your teaching, regardless of your teaching area of expertise or the age group you teach.

Involve your parent body along the way. You will be amazed at the artefacts that people have at home, the overseas contacts you and your students can make and the wealth of experience you may be able to draw on as incursion ‘experts’.

Acknowledgements: Asia Education Foundation in association with the Australia India Council and the Education Department of Western Australia who shared in the sponsorship of the Teacher in Country Fellowships to Asia (TiCFA) to India in January 2001.

Greg Harper coordinator of the Layang Layang Access Asia Cluster for Fremantle and Peel who has supported me in the dissemination of my experiences and resulting Arts project to other Cluster schools and the Fremantle Education District via a variety of Professional development opportunities.

For your information: just a list of sites that I have linked as part of the write up Australia India Council http://www.dfat.gov.au/aic/index.html
Asia Education Foundation http://www.asialink.unimelb.edu.au/aef/aef.html
Access Asia http://www.curriculum.edu.au/accessasia/
TiCFA http://www.asialink.unimelb.edu.au/aef/ticfa/index.html

Employer's Name & owner of Copyright © Education Department of WA